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The Biturai crypto encyclopedia: AI-assisted, data-informed, and continuously quality-audited.

The 2022 NFT Crash: The Bursting of the Digital Art Bubble

The 2022 NFT Crash: The Bursting of the Digital Art Bubble

The NFT market experienced a significant downturn in 2022, marking the end of a speculative boom that saw digital collectibles reach unprecedented valuations. This correction was influenced by broader macroeconomic conditions and the

Advanced7/4/2026
The 2021 NFT Boom: Bored Apes, CryptoPunks, and the Beeple Sale

The 2021 NFT Boom: Bored Apes, CryptoPunks, and the Beeple Sale

The year 2021 marked a pivotal moment for Non-Fungible Tokens, transforming them into a global cultural and financial phenomenon. This period saw an unprecedented surge in trading volumes, driven by iconic digital collectible projects and

Beginner7/4/2026
The DeFi Summer of 2020: Yield Farming and the COMP Token Launch

The DeFi Summer of 2020: Yield Farming and the COMP Token Launch

The DeFi Summer of 2020 marked a pivotal period for decentralized finance, driven by the rise of Yield Farming. This strategy, catalyzed by Compound Finance's COMP token, allowed users to earn rewards by providing liquidity to various DeFi

Advanced7/4/2026
The Gemini Earn-Genesis Dispute and Repayment

The Gemini Earn-Genesis Dispute and Repayment

The Gemini Earn program allowed users to lend crypto to Genesis Global Capital for interest, but collapsed when Genesis faced insolvency. This led to significant legal battles and a complex recovery process, ultimately resulting in a full

Advanced7/4/2026
The LIBRA Memecoin Scandal Involving Javier Milei 2025

The LIBRA Memecoin Scandal Involving Javier Milei 2025

The LIBRA memecoin scandal of 2025, involving Argentine President Javier Milei, highlighted the risks of speculative crypto assets and the profound impact of public endorsements. A rapid price surge of the $LIBRA token was followed by a

Advanced7/4/2026
The Ruja Ignatova OneCoin Case: The Missing Cryptoqueen

The Ruja Ignatova OneCoin Case: The Missing Cryptoqueen

The Ruja Ignatova OneCoin case details one of the largest financial frauds in history, where a charismatic leader orchestrated a multi-billion dollar Ponzi scheme disguised as a cryptocurrency. Ignatova, known as the 'Cryptoqueen',

Advanced7/4/2026
The Gerald Cotten Death and QuadrigaCX Mystery

The Gerald Cotten Death and QuadrigaCX Mystery

The sudden death of QuadrigaCX CEO Gerald Cotten in 2018 led to the collapse of Canada's largest cryptocurrency exchange. Millions in customer funds became inaccessible, sparking widespread suspicion and an ongoing investigation into the

Intermediate7/4/2026
FCoin Collapse and the Trans-Fee Mining Model

FCoin Collapse and the Trans-Fee Mining Model

The FCoin exchange experienced a significant collapse in 2020, primarily due to the unsustainable nature of its Trans-Fee Mining model. This innovative but flawed mechanism returned transaction fees to users in the form of the platform's

Advanced7/4/2026
The Forsage Ponzi Scheme Explained

The Forsage Ponzi Scheme Explained

Forsage was a fraudulent crypto pyramid and Ponzi scheme that raised over $300 million from millions of retail investors globally. It operated through smart contracts on the Ethereum, Tron, and Binance blockchains, falsely claiming to be a

Intermediate7/4/2026
Africrypt Scam 2021: The Disappearance of the Cajee Brothers

Africrypt Scam 2021: The Disappearance of the Cajee Brothers

In 2021, South African brothers Raees and Ameer Cajee vanished with billions in Bitcoin from their Africrypt investment platform. This event left thousands of investors without funds and highlighted significant regulatory gaps in the

Advanced7/4/2026
The Thodex Exit Scam of 2021

The Thodex Exit Scam of 2021

The Thodex exit scam in 2021 saw the founder of a major Turkish cryptocurrency exchange flee the country with an estimated $2 billion in investor funds. This event highlighted significant risks associated with centralized crypto platforms

Advanced7/4/2026
The AnubisDAO Rug Pull of 2021 Explained

The AnubisDAO Rug Pull of 2021 Explained

A rug pull is a deceptive crypto scam where project developers suddenly abandon a project, draining all liquidity and leaving investors with worthless tokens. The AnubisDAO incident in 2021 serves as a stark example of this fraudulent

Intermediate7/4/2026
The 2021 Squid Game Token Rug Pull Explained

The 2021 Squid Game Token Rug Pull Explained

The 2021 Squid Game token rug pull was a prominent cryptocurrency scam where developers created a token inspired by the Netflix series, attracting investors with promises of a play-to-earn game. They subsequently drained the liquidity

Intermediate7/4/2026
The Iron Finance Bank Run of 2021: The First Algorithmic Stablecoin Collapse

The Iron Finance Bank Run of 2021: The First Algorithmic Stablecoin Collapse

The Iron Finance bank run in 2021 marked the first large-scale collapse of an algorithmic stablecoin, IRON, due to a rapid withdrawal of funds. This event highlighted the inherent vulnerabilities in partially collateralized algorithmic

Advanced7/4/2026
The 2022 Wonderland-TIME Scandal and 0xSifu

The 2022 Wonderland-TIME Scandal and 0xSifu

The Wonderland-TIME scandal of 2022 exposed significant risks in decentralized finance when the identity of its anonymous CFO, 0xSifu, was revealed to be a convicted felon. This event led to a dramatic collapse in the value of the TIME

Advanced7/4/2026
The BadgerDAO Frontend Hack of 2021

The BadgerDAO Frontend Hack of 2021

The BadgerDAO frontend hack in December 2021 saw attackers steal over $120 million by exploiting vulnerabilities in the project's web interface rather than its smart contracts. This incident highlighted the critical importance of

Advanced7/4/2026
The Cryptopia Hack and 2019 Insolvency

The Cryptopia Hack and 2019 Insolvency

The Cryptopia hack in January 2019 led to the theft of millions in crypto assets and the exchange's subsequent liquidation. This event set a crucial legal precedent for cryptocurrencies held on exchanges.

Advanced7/4/2026
The 2020 bZx Flash Loan Attack: The First DeFi Exploit

The 2020 bZx Flash Loan Attack: The First DeFi Exploit

The 2020 bZx flash loan attack marked a pivotal moment in decentralized finance, demonstrating how uncollateralized loans could be exploited to manipulate market conditions. This event highlighted critical vulnerabilities in early DeFi

Advanced7/4/2026
The 2017 Parity Multisig Wallet Freeze

The 2017 Parity Multisig Wallet Freeze

A critical vulnerability in Parity's multi-signature wallet library contract in 2017 led to hundreds of millions of dollars worth of Ether being permanently frozen. This incident highlighted the inherent risks of smart contract

Advanced7/4/2026
The Curve Finance Reentrancy Hack of 2023

The Curve Finance Reentrancy Hack of 2023

The Curve Finance Reentrancy Hack of 2023 was a major security incident on July 30, 2023, affecting several liquidity pools due to a critical 0-day compiler bug in older Vyper versions. This vulnerability allowed attackers to bypass

Advanced7/4/2026
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